Why Drug Exposure Is a Growing Risk for Pets in San Mateo

As pet ownership continues to rise in San Mateo and across California, so does the risk of accidental drug exposure. With marijuana legalized for recreational use, and the ongoing presence of potent medications and illicit substances in the community, veterinarians at Omega Veterinary Group have seen a steady increase in emergency cases involving pets ingesting cannabis, opioids, and prescription medications.

Whether it’s a dropped edible, a vape cartridge left on the sidewalk, or a curious dog rummaging through the trash, these exposures can result in life-threatening emergencies.

The FDA warns that even small amounts of human drugs—both legal and illicit—can be toxic to pets.

Marijuana Toxicity in Pets: More Than Just a High

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive compound in cannabis, is toxic to dogs and cats, even in small doses. Pets lack the metabolic capacity to process THC effectively, and their smaller size makes even trace amounts dangerous.

How THC Exposure Happens:

  • Consuming infused edibles (e.g., brownies, gummies, or cookies)
  • Ingesting raw cannabis flower, oils, or concentrates
  • Licking vape cartridges, pipes, or ashtrays
  • Eating discarded wrappers, roaches, or packaging

Edibles are especially risky, often containing not only THC but other toxins like chocolate, xylitol, or raisins.

The ASPCA warns that marijuana exposure in pets can result in dangerous complications such as tremors, vomiting, and aspiration pneumonia. Similarly, the AVMA highlights a broad range of neurological and respiratory symptoms—some requiring hospitalization.

Fentanyl and Other High-Risk Drug Exposures

Fentanyl, an incredibly potent opioid, poses a serious threat to pets. Just micrograms can be fatal to small animals. Exposure may occur via:

  • Chewing or licking used patches
  • Ingesting crushed pills or powder
  • Contact with drug-contaminated surfaces or paraphernalia

Opioid Toxicity Symptoms:

  • Severe sedation or collapse
  • Vomiting
  • Pinpoint pupils
  • Slow or labored breathing
  • Potential for coma or death without immediate treatment

In a veterinary setting, naloxone may be administered as an opioid reversal agent, alongside oxygen therapy and ICU support.

Learn more about the dangers of drug toxicity in dogs.

Other commonly encountered drugs in toxicity cases include:

  • Amphetamines (e.g., ADHD medications): Cause hyperactivity, tremors, seizures, and dangerously high body temperature
  • Cocaine: Can cause rapid heart rate, agitation, and sudden death
  • Anti-anxiety or sleep medications: Lead to incoordination, vomiting, or respiratory depression

For a comprehensive clinical overview, refer to Merck Vet Manual’s section on toxicities from illicit and abused drugs.

Recognizing the Signs of Drug Exposure in Pets

Key Symptoms by Drug Type:

  • THC: Ataxia, dilated pupils, drooling, urinary incontinence, exaggerated response to stimuli, vocalization
  • Opioids: Vomiting, slow breathing, extreme lethargy or unconsciousness
  • Stimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines): Seizures, panting, increased heart rate, hyperthermia

Because symptoms vary widely, even minor behavioral changes should be taken seriously. If you suspect your pet has come into contact with a harmful substance, do not wait—early intervention is critical.

What to Do If You Suspect Exposure

Immediate Action Steps:

  1. Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by a veterinarian.
  2. Safely remove any remaining substance from your pet’s environment.
  3. Call your vet or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center.
  4. Transport your pet to the nearest emergency clinic immediately.

At Omega Veterinary Group, we are equipped to provide rapid and effective care for toxic exposures, including 24/7 monitoring, emergency stabilization, and advanced diagnostics.

How We Diagnose and Treat Toxic Drug Exposure

Our emergency team begins with a thorough history intake and physical exam, followed by diagnostics tailored to your pet’s symptoms and suspected exposure.

Diagnostics May Include:

  • CBC and chemistry panel: To assess internal organ function
  • Urinalysis and coagulation testing
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG): To detect heart arrhythmias
  • Pulse oximetry and blood gas analysis
  • Toxin screens when available or indicated

Treatment Protocols Often Include:

  • IV fluids for hydration, cardiovascular support, and toxin clearance
  • Activated charcoal to bind ingested substances
  • Anti-seizure medications for stimulant-related exposures
  • Oxygen therapy for respiratory depression
  • Naloxone to reverse opioid toxicity
  • Antiemetics, sedatives, or anxiolytics to manage GI symptoms and agitation

Pets with severe symptoms may need mechanical ventilation, IV lipid therapy, or continuous ECG monitoring depending on the type and amount of drug involved.

Why ICU-Level Care Is Often Required

Drug toxicity is highly dynamic—pets can deteriorate rapidly, and time-sensitive interventions are essential. ICU care at Omega Veterinary Group provides:

  • Continuous vital sign monitoring
  • Respiratory support, including intubation if needed
  • 24/7 nursing care
  • Fast response to complications like seizures, cardiac arrest, or aspiration pneumonia

Our ICU team’s ability to quickly adjust therapies, administer emergency medications, and provide advanced supportive care gives pets their best chance at full recovery.

The Truth About Pet CBD Products

Not all pet CBD products are created equal—and not all are safe. While there is potential benefit for some pets, the lack of regulation in the CBD market means:

  • Labels may underreport THC content
  • Products may contain contaminants like pesticides or heavy metals
  • Dosing instructions may be vague or misleading

The AVMA advises extreme caution with cannabis use in pets.

Only use CBD products that are veterinarian-recommended and third-party tested. Never give your pet over-the-counter or recreational cannabis products.

Prevention Tips: How to Keep Your Pet Safe

At Home:

  • Store all marijuana, prescription drugs, and CBD products out of reach in secure cabinets
  • Use pet-proof trash bins
  • Never leave vape pens or edibles unattended
  • Safely dispose of packaging, roaches, and drug remnants

On Walks and in Public Spaces:

Dogs in San Mateo are especially vulnerable to:

  • Discarded edibles
  • Littered vape pens and cartridges
  • Pills or powder
  • Marijuana-laced food waste

Keep your dog on a short leash and watch closely in parks, parking lots, and near trash bins.

How Omega Veterinary Group Can Help

If you suspect drug exposure, time is critical. Our team at Omega Veterinary Group is trained in emergency response, toxicology, and critical care medicine. We offer:

  • Immediate stabilization
  • Advanced diagnostics
  • ICU-level monitoring
  • Compassionate communication and follow-up care

Contact us now if you need help.

Your Partner in Pet Emergency Care

Drug exposure is a frightening experience for any pet owner—but you are not alone. Whether it’s marijuana, opioids, or unknown substances, our veterinary team is here to help you navigate the emergency with clarity and compassion.

At Omega Veterinary Group, we prioritize rapid response, expert care, and open communication, giving your pet the best chance at a full and healthy recovery.

If your pet is acting strangely, has ingested a suspicious substance, or shows signs of distress—call us immediately. We’re here when you need us most.